Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Integrin αvβ3-dependent pathogenic effect and therapeutic effects of DL-N2 combined with EGFR inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07865-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: DL-N2 inhibits proliferation and enhances gefitinib-induced anti-cancer effects in pancreatic cancer cells. ( A ) BxPC-3 cells and ( B ) AsPC-1 cells were serum-starved and treated with EGF (100 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of DL-N2 (10⁻⁹–10⁻⁷ M) for 72 h. DL-N2 significantly reduced EGF-induced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. ( C ) BxPC-3 cells and ( D ) AsPC-1cells were treated with DL-N2, gefitinib (10 µM), or their combination for 72 h. While DL-N2 and gefitinib individually decreased proliferation, the combination produced stronger inhibitory effects, indicating synergistic suppression of pancreatic cancer cell growth. Data represent mean ± SD from three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. EGF or Gefitinib treatment

Article Snippet: Human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Produced, Control

Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Integrin αvβ3-dependent pathogenic effect and therapeutic effects of DL-N2 combined with EGFR inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07865-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: DL-N2 regulates gene expression and enhances gefitinib-induced inhibition in pancreatic cancer cells. ( A–D ) BxPC-3 and ( E - H ) AsPC-1 cells treated with DL-N2 (10⁻⁹–10⁻⁷ M), gefitinib (10 µM), or their combinations on pancreatic cancer cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of EGFR ( A and E ), PD-L1 ( B and F ), CCND1 ( C and G ), and PCNA ( D and H ) expression. DL-N2 decreased the expression of proliferation- and immune-related genes, with maximal inhibition observed in combination with gefitinib. Data are presented as mean ± SD of four independent experiments ( N = 4). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. gefitinib alone

Article Snippet: Human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Inhibition, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Control

Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Integrin αvβ3-dependent pathogenic effect and therapeutic effects of DL-N2 combined with EGFR inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07865-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: DL-N2 modulates matrix remodeling and angiogenesis-related gene expression in pancreatic cancer cells. ( A-C ) BxPC-3 cells and (D-E ) AsPC-1 cells treated with DL-N2 (10⁻⁹–10⁻⁷ M), gefitinib (10 µM), or their combinations on pancreatic cancer cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of MMP9 ( A and D ), bFGF2 ( B and E ), and VEGF-α ( C and F ) expression. DL-N2 and gefitinib significantly reduced expression of invasion- and angiogenesis-related genes, with maximal suppression in the combination group. Data are presented as mean ± SD of four independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. gefitinib alone

Article Snippet: Human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Control

Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Integrin αvβ3-dependent pathogenic effect and therapeutic effects of DL-N2 combined with EGFR inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07865-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: DL-N2 and gefitinib cooperatively suppress EGFR activation and downstream signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. ( A - B ) Western blot and densitometric analyses show the effects of DL-N2 (10⁻⁹–10⁻⁷ M) and gefitinib (10 µM) on EGFR-related signaling in BxPC-3 cellsTreatment with DL-N2 alone modestly reduced pEGFR and PD-L1 expression, whereas co-treatment with gefitinib further decreased pEGFR and PD-L1 levels compared with either agent alone. Total EGFR remained largely unchanged. Analysis of STAT3 signaling shows that DL-N2 alone transiently increased pSTAT3-Tyr705, while combination treatment with gefitinib suppressed pERK1/2 activation without markedly altering total STAT3 expression. Data are presented as mean ± SD of four independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus untreated control

Article Snippet: Human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Control

Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Integrin αvβ3-dependent pathogenic effect and therapeutic effects of DL-N2 combined with EGFR inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07865-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: DL-N2 and gefitinib cooperatively suppressed cell migration. ( A ) BxPC-3 and ( B ) AsPC-1 cells were seeded in 12-well plates and grown to confluence. A vertical scratch was introduced with a 200 µL pipette tip, and medium was replaced with DL-N2 (10⁻⁷ M), gefitinib (10 µM), or their combination. Images were acquired at 0, 16, and 24 h using an inverted microscope (100×). Migration rate was calculated as Δ distance / initial distance × 100. Data are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001 vs. control; # p < 0.05 vs. gefitinib alone

Article Snippet: Human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Migration, Transferring, Inverted Microscopy, Control

Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Integrin αvβ3-dependent pathogenic effect and therapeutic effects of DL-N2 combined with EGFR inhibitors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07865-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: DL-N2 and gefitinib cooperatively suppressed BxPC-3 cell migration. BxPC-3 cells were seeded into the upper chambers of 12-well Transwell plates in serum-free medium. The lower chambers were filled with RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% stripped serum containing DL-N2 (10⁻⁷ M), gefitinib (10 µM), or their combination. After 48 h of incubation, cells were fixed and stained with 0.5% crystal violet. Representative images were captured (100×), and the number of migrated cells was quantified using ImageJ software. Data represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *** p < 0.001 vs. control; ### p < 0.001 vs. gefitinib alone

Article Snippet: Human pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Migration, Incubation, Staining, Software, Control